Pleural effusion is a lung disease in which fluid accumulates in the pleura, two ballon-like linings which surround and separate the lungs from the heart.
Bronchiectasis is a lung disease. Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles leads to permanent dilation. Mucus accumulates, causing chronic infection.
Mitral stenosis refers to narrowing of the mitral valve which separates the upper (atrium) and lower (ventricle) heart chambers, obstructing blood flow.