Gynaecology

Knee pain is a common musculoskeletal condition affecting the human body's largest joint. It can result from injuries to the knee or hip.

Lower back pain occurs in the area known as the lumbar spine. It may be acute or chronic depending on whether it persists for longer…

Heart attack or myocardial infarction refers to heart damage caused by a lack of blood flow which prevents the heart from getting sufficient oxygen.

Stroke or cerebrovascular accident may be haemorrhagic when there is bleeding in the brain, or ischaemic when blood does not flow to the brain.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus usually develops before 20 years of age. It is treated with insulin injections to regulate blood glucose levels.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a hormonal disorder of insulin and elevated blood glucose levels. It is associated with obesity and unhealthy diet.

Lipoprotein(a) is a molecule made from joining a protein the body makes (called apolipoprotein(a)) and LDL, which is a form of cholesterol. The importance of the Measurement and lowering of Lipoprotein(a) is an area of active research. It is one of a group of molecules called 'lipoproteins', so called because they have this common form of construction - a protein attached to a cholesterol molecule. Having elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) in their blood has been strongly implicated in research as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease - such as coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke.

Liver biopsy is considered the most accurate investigation for evaluating patients with liver diseases, particularly those of a chronic nature. Liver biopsy obtains a tissue…

A recent review showed that fibrates, drugs used in cholesterol lowering therapy, are less effective for treating hypercholesterolaemia than statins.