Xerophthalmia is a condition affecting structures in the eye called the cornea and conjunctiva. It is associated with vitamin A deficiency. The condition produces a range of symptoms that may affect vision. Night blindness may occur because changes to the cornea disrupt the normal entry of light to the eye. The eyes may become abnormally dry because of changes to the conjunctiva, the mucous membrane which covers the eye and plays a role in producing tears to lubricate it. The conjunctiva, which is normally transparent, may become cloudy or opaque and Bitot’s spots may develop and impair vision.
Xerophthalmia is treated with high dose vitamin A therapy.
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