The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a group of hormone-secreting glands – the adrenal gland located above the kidneys, and the hypothalamus and pituitary glands located in the brain. Each of the glands produce and secrete different hormones, which regulate bodily functions such as stress, menstruation in women and sperm production in men. The hormones secreted by each gland also interact with each other. Imbalances in hormones secreted by one of the glands may cause imbalances in hormones secreted by the other glands in the axis.

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